Direct and Indirect Speech & Conditional If

Direct Speech adalah kalimat langsung / kutipan asli pada suatu pembicaraan tanpa adanya suatu perubahan. Penulisan Direct Speech selalu di apit oleh tanda kutip dan kalimat selalu di awali huruf kapital.

Indirect Speech adalah kalimat tidak langsung / bentuk kalimat yang menceritakan kembali pendapat / pembicaraan seseorang yang mengalami modifikasi tertentu.

·         Kalimat Positive :

1.      D : Dini said, “I go to campus everyday”

I : Dini said that she goes to campus everyday.

2.      D : Arif said, “I will give you a novel next week”

I : Arif said that he would give me a novel the following week.

3.      D : They said, “We are going to Bandung tomorrow”

I : They said that they were going to Bandung the following day.

4.      D : I said, “Sawal has been waiting for you since one hours”

I : I said that Sawal had been waiting for you for one hours.

5.      D : He said us, ”I have to go now”

I : He said to us that he had to go then.

·         Kalimat Negative :

1.      D : My mother told me, “Don’t come home late”

I : My mother told me not to come home late.

2.      D : Father asked me, “Don’t go out”

I : Father asked me no to go out.

3.      D : Desy asked, ”Don’t leave me alone”

I : Desy asked that to not leave him alone.

4.      D : My aunty told me, “Come and visit us tomorrow”

I : My aunty told to me to come and visit them the following day.

5.      D : She asked me, “Open the door please”

I : She asked me to open the door please.

·         Kalimat Question :

1.      D : My mother asked me, “Where are you last night?”

I : My mother asked me where was I that night.

2.      D : Anisa told to me, “Are you okay?”

I : Anisa told to me whether I was okay or not.

3.      D : I asked Riri, “Does you want to come with us?”

I : I asked Riri whether she wanted to come with us.

4.      D : I asked Lia, “Do you like coffee?”

I : I asked Lia whether she liked coffee.

5.      D : She asked me, “Can you speak English?”

I : She asked me whether I could speak English.

Conditional If

If I work hard, I will have a lot of money.

If I had a lot of money, I would buy an expensive bag.

If I were you, I would work in that company.

If I saw you more often, we could get to know each other better.

If I wasn’t so lazy, I’d start my own business.

If I studied more often, I might  get better grades

If you’d eaten your dinner, you wouldn’t have been hungry.

If it’d been sunny yesterday, we would’ve gone bo the Surabaya.

If I’d had the chance, I would have gone to Paris.

Active dan Passive voice

Present Tense

1.      Active voice    : We visit our grandmother every three months

Passive voice   : Our grandmother is visited by us every three months

2.      Active voice    : Mega buy dress at Lazada every two weeks

Passive voice   : Dress is bought by Mega at Lazada every two weeks

3.      Active voice    : My sister eat bread every morning

Passive voice   : Bread is ate by my sister every morning

Past Tense

1.      Active voice    : I drunk coffee last week

Passive voice   : Coffee were drunk by me last week

2.      Active voice    : My brother cut hair last month

Passive voice   : Hair was cut by my brother last month

3.      Active voice    : Sinta write a letter yesterday

Passive voice   : Letter was written by Sinta yesterday

Future Tense

1.      Active voice    : I will go to Yogyakarta next month

Passive voice   : Yogyakarta will be gone by me next month

2.      Active voice    : My father will read newspaper tomorrow

Passive voice   : Newspaper will be read by my father tomorrow

3.      Active voice    : Andi will see beach next week

Passive voice   : Beach will be seen by Andi next week

Present Continous

1.      Active voice    : He is listening music now

Passive voice   : He is being listened music now

2.      Active voice    : My brother is washing car today

Passive voice   : My brother being washed car today

3.      Active voice    : I am take picture rainbow

Passive voice   : I am being taked picture rainbow

Present Perfect Tense

1.      Active voice    : Sari have eaten fried rice

Passive voice   : Sari have been eaten fried rice

2.      Active voice    : I have seen sunrise

Passive voice   : I have been seen sunrise

3.      Active voice    : My grandmother have gone to Malang

Passive voice   : My grandmother have been gone to Malang

Daily Activity, contoh kalimat present tense, past tense future tense dan cerpen

DAILY ACTIVITY

Every day I wake up at 5:00 am for dawn prayers. after down prayers, I sometimes make themselves available to help mothers cooking for breakfast, if time is shown at 06.00 am I quickly showered and ready to run my activities as a student. Before i go to college, breakfast beforehand because distance between my home to the campus pretty much 40 minutes to campus as usual, I leave at 07:00 am.

After arriving at the campus ago, I met with my friends who have been to college early. If professors do not usually come I with my friends talking and laughing together because a lot of things a joke with friends that can make me laugh, but it also often discuss and learn together, but if the professor has come my focus on learning materials has been given by the lecturer. Time has shown at 12:00 me and my friends went straight to the mosque for midday prayers. After midday prayers, me and my friends had lunch and returned to class for the next course until 16:30. After I spend time to study and hanging out with friends, and then I went home and got home at 17:10.

After reaching home, rest 5 minutes I took a shower and Asr prayer. After Asr prayer, I watch tv Around 18:00 I pray maghrib. After evening prayers, I help the mother prepare dinner. If the mother does not cook I usually buy food outside. 19:30 my evening prayers, after that I started to turn to doing the coursework. After doing the coursework, and then I told him with his mother or watch tv, but if the tv show nothing nice I usually play games or listen to music dihp until sleepy.

CONTOH KALIMAT PRESENT TENSE, PAST TENSE, DAN FUTURE TENSE

·         Present Tense

Kalimat positif

(+) We watch a television everyday

(+) I play badminton everyweek

(+) She cleans a writeboard

(+) I eat a cake everyday

(+) They drive a car everymonth

Kalimat Negatif

(-)  We don’t watch a television everyday

(-)  I don’t play badminton everyweek

(-)  She doesn’t clean a writeboard

(-)  I don’t eat a cake everyday

(-)  They don’t drive a car everymonth

Kalimat Introgatif

 (?) Do we watch a television everyday ?

 (?) Do you play badminton everyweek ?

(?)  Does she clean a writeboard ?

 (?) Do you eat a cake everyday ?

 (?) Do they drive a car everymonth ?

·         Past Tense

Kalimat Positif

(+) Mia left her home at 7 o’clock.

(+) The teacher came yesterday

(+) They ate my mother’s fried rice last Sunday

(+) I lived in Jogja last night

(+) I saw Lia’s boyfriend yesterday

Kalimat Negatif

(-)  Mia didn’t leave her home at 7 o’clock.

(-)  The teacher didn’t come yesterday

(-)  They didn’t eat my mother’s fried rice last Sunday

(-)  I didn’t live in Jogja last night

(-)  I didn’t see Lia’s boyfriend yesterday

Kalimat Introgatif

(?)  Did Mia leave her home at 7 o’clock ?

(?)  Did the teacher come yesterday ?

(?)  Did they eat my mother’s fried rice last Sunday ?

(?)  Did you live in Jogja last night ?

(?)  Did you see Lia’s boyfriend yesterday ?

·         Future Tense

Kalimat Positif

(+) Rani will go to the school next week

(+) They are going to keep running far away

(+) He will bring many books tomorrow

(+) I will be in Paris tonight

(+) She will go to Sukabumi tomorrow morning

Kalimat Negatif

(-)  Rani won’t go to the school next week

(-)  They aren’t going to keep running far away

(-)  He will bring many books tomorrow

(-)  I won’t be in Paris tonight

(-)  She will go to Sukabumi tomorrow morning

Kalimat Introgatif

(?)  Will Rani go to the school next week ?

(?)  Are they going to keep running far away ?

(?)  Will he bring many books tomorrow ?

(?)  Will he be in the Paris tonight ?

(?)  Will she go to Sukabumi tomorrow morning ?

THE DREAM

I have a dream last night. I saw someone running in the corridor of My Senior highschool. I saw a red dressed girl calling me. She wore a white Japenese cat mask. I try to chase her, but she run so fast so I can cacthher. She yelled to me and want me to cacth her. She ran so fast to the school yard. Sudently snow fall down. Thousand of the flying lantern illuminate the school yard and everything turned into big festival. Huge amount of the traditional keraton army row and perform their parade circling me. I saw all of my friend in Javanese traditional outfit. that was look amazing.

They said to me, “Happy birthday!” I was so surprised and thousand of firework colouring the sky. But suddenly I on the ship in the ocean. There was a war. Thousand of world war two plane shooting each other. The sky become red. Some of the plane hit their own plane to the enemy ship. Everything explode and it was an epic battle. Machine gun shotting all the plane. But many of their dead body floating in the water.

Everything become dark and I couldn’t see anything. I saw a flickering lantern in other side of this place. Lot of lantern flickering like a star in the sky. I know this place, this is Mizumi river, Mizumi river is the river of the dead people. The peace place of rest of the spirits. The river is very clean and fresh. I ride a boat to other side of the river. I row.. row.. and row my boat. I can look a fish swimming under my boat, thousand of blue lantern floating on the river.

Sometime other boat sailing beside me. They don’t look like normal human, some of them have very tall body, some of them have cat ear on their head. Some of them are half cat and half human, most of them have a white hair. They wear thick cloth of batik. They wear a beautiful batik, and some of them wear kimono with batik pattern. Their boat look so artistic with traditional Javanese carved pattern on their boat. In front of my boat I saw a big woman statue wearing yukata. I think that moon goddess.

I enter the tori gate in the middle of the river. Thousand of crimson butterfly flying around the tori gate. But my vision suddenly blank, picture, water, mountain I don’t know where am I. All this thing make me so calm and confuse. I hear someone speaking. “we look the sky everyday. But don’t we know little about the sky. The sky seems blue. But if we go up very hight, the sky will be dark. The moon is around ball like the earth on which we live, only much smaller. The moon goes around the earth. It has no light of his own. It takes the light from the sun.”

“During each month the moon seems to change it shape. But it’s does not really change it’s shape. All the time it is round a ball. But we can see only a part of it which is lit up by the sun. So what we are think now may be is not what the real happen, we don’t know what really happen, we just know little know about it, if you think yourself is nothingless. Is not you, it’s only on your mind, you have everything on your self, you have spirit to do more. This is the world that never known by anybody, the end of your spirit journey, a pieces of life that you have tired during in the exist world.”

I was fell so scary, this place look haunted. I try to wake up from dream but I can’t wake up from my dream. This gonna be serious. I was trapped in my dream, Wake me up! Please wake me up! Mizumi river, I know this is the river of the spirits of dead people. Am I die? I was panic and jump into water, but I breath on the water, it was un usual. I tried to scream but it doesn’t work because I was on the water. I don’t know where I going to. Cold, Freeze.. I think I died. I want to die, why I alive, Who am I. Why I must alive. No, I must alive for make this world change. I must alive for every people that I loved. Suddenly I woke up from my sleep. I realize that day was my birthday.

KERANGKA TULISAN DAN TULISANNYA

TUGAS 3 – MEMBUAT KERANGKA KARANGAN

JUDUL :  PERKEMBANGAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

TEMA : MASALAH EKONOMI

1.      PENDAHULUAN

1.1  LATAR BELAKANG

1.2  RUMUSAN MASALAH

1.3  TUJUAN PENULISAN

2.      LANDASAN TEORI

2.1  SEJARAH PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA

2.1.1        ORDE LAMA

2.1.2        ORDE BARU

2.1.3        ORDE REFORMASI

3.      PEMBAHASAN

3.1  PERKEMBANGAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

3.2  MASALAH-MASALAH DALAM PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

4.      KESIMPULAN

4.1  KESIMPULAN

4.2  SARAN

DAFTAR ISI

PENDAHULUAN

1.1  Latar Belakang

            Perkembangan ekonomi saat ini mengalami kenaikan beberapa persen. Walaupun begitu, perkembangan ekonomi di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari banyaknya perubahan-perubahan yang telah dilakukan dan diterapkan dalam perekonomian di Indonesia. Untuk itu penulis kemudian membuat makalah tentang “Perkembangan Ekonomi di Indoneisia”.

1.2  Rumusan Masalah

Adapaun, pokok-pokok masalah yanga telah penulis rumuskan, diantaranya :

1.      Bagaimana sejarah perekonomian di Indonesia

2.      Bagaimana Perkembanagn perekonomian di Indonesia

3.      Apa saja masalah-masalah yang dihadapi oleh Indonesia dalam mengembangkan perekonomian di Indonesia

1.3  Tujuan Penulisan

Adapun tujuan yang hendak penulis paparkan, yakni :

1.      Sejarah mengenai perekonomian di Indonesia

2.      Perkembangan perekonomian di Indonesia

3.      Masalah-masalah yang di hadapi oleh Indonesia dalam pengembangan perekonomian di Indonesia

PENUTUP

4.1 Kesimpulan

Perkembangan ekonomi di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari sejarah perkemabangannya di zaman sebelumnya. Mulai dari masa Orde Lama→Orde Baru→Reformasi. Semuanya bermetamorfosa dalam mencapai perkembangan ekonomi yang lebih baik.

Namun, yang patut kita garis bawahi saat ini adalah sumber daya manusia yang ada di Negara kita ini, jangan sampai kekayaan Indonesia terus menerus dikelola oleh orang asing.

4.2 Saran

Untuk memajukan perekonomian di Indonesia ini bukan hanya tanggungjawab pemerintah saja. Namun, kita juga sebagai generasi muda yang suatu saat akan memimpi negeri kita ini patut ikut ambil bagian dalam hal ini. Seperti mendirikan usaha-usaha padat karya atau mengasah kemampuan kita melalui Balai Latihan Kerja.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

http://eliskomariah.blogspot.co.id/2013/04/perkembangan-ekonomi-di-indonesia.html

ARTIKEL PARAGRAF DEDUKTIF

Artikel yang berjudul “Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indondonesia” termasuk dalam paragraf deduktif karena kalimat utamanya ada di awal paragraf.

Ø Kalimat pada paragraf pertama, yaitu “Sebelumnya di periode Juli - September pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia turun 0,2% dari 5,8% ke 5,6% dibanding kuartal sebelumnya” merupakan kalimat silogisme dalam artikel tersebut.

Ø Kalimat pada paragraf kedua, yaitu “Kecemasan terhadap menurunnya laju ekonomi dan meluasnya defisit anggaran turut mempengaruhi tindakan investor dalam penarikan dana” termasuk dalam paragraf silogisme dalam artikel tersebut.

Ø Kalimat pada paragraf ketiga, yaitu “Sementara itu orang nomer dua di Indonesia, Boediono juga mengatakan ditengah kondisi ekonomi global yang belum menentu cukup sulit bagi Indonesia dapat menyentuh angka pertumbuhan ekonomi diatas 6%” termasuk dalam paragraf entimen dalam artikel tersebut

Ø Kalimat pada paragraf keempat, yaitu “Jika Indonesia ingin mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi banyak tugas yang harus dirampungkan oleh pihak pemerintah” termasuk dalam paragraf entimen dalam artikel tersebut.

Paragraf Deduktif, Induktif, dan Campuran

Paragraf Deduktif

Paragraf deduktif adalah contoh suatu paragraf yang dibentuk dari suatu masalah yang bersifat umum, lebih luas. Setelah itu ditarik kesimpulan menjadi suatu masalah yang bersifat khusus atau lebih spesifik. Atau juga dapat diartikan, suatu paragraf yang kalimat utamanya berada di depan paragraf kemudian diikuti oleh kalimat penjelas.

Contoh Paragraf Deduktif :

Indonesia merupakan Negara yang kaya akan budaya . Contohnya di pulau Sumatra yang terdiri dari suku batak, suku minang , suku aceh, suku melayu dan lain-lain yang masing-masing memiliki kebudayaan yang berbeda-beda. Bukan hanya dipulau Sumatra saja, bahkan di pulau Jawa, Kalimantan, dan juga pulau-pulau lainnya juga terdapat macam-macam suku dengan kebudayaannya.

  

Paragraf Induktif

Teks induktif dikembangkan dari sesuatu yang bersifat khusus, lebih spesifik, menjadi suatu kesimpulan yang bersifat umum, lebih luas. Akan tetapi, kita harus hati-hati dalam menarik kesimpulan menggunakan pola induktif karena kesimpulan umum yang diambil belum tentu dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Oleh karena itu, agar kesimpulan yang diambil sesuai dengan kenyataan, data, fakta, bukti, referensi, dan keterangan lain yang dijadikan dasar pengambilan kesimpulan haruslah lengkap dan akurat.

Contoh Paragraf Induktif :

Selain kaya akan budaya , Indonesia juga memiliki lahan pertanian yang subur yang banyak menghasikkan rempah-rempah , bahan pangan , bahkan juga buah-buahan. Dari segi barang tambang , Indonesia juga sangat potensial, terbukti Indonesia salah satu Negara di Asia yang meng ekspor minyak bumi, batu bara, dan barang tambang lainnya. Maka tidak salah kalau dikatakan Indonesia adalah Negara yang kaya.

Paragraf Campuran

Paragraf Campuran adalah suatu paragraf yang kalimat utamanya berada di depan dan diakhir kalimat

Contoh Paragraf Campuran :

 Saat ini Indonesia sedang berusaha membagkitkan perekonomiannya. Banyak usaha yang dilakukan, mulai dari menekan jumlah barang import yang mengalahkan pemakaian barang lokal. Pemerintah juga meluaskan lapangan pekerjaan, agar sumber daya manusia (SDM) dapat dimanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin untuk pembangunan Negara. Bagia pelaku korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme (KKN) yang sangat merugikan perekonomian Negara tentunya akan diberikan sanksi tegas. Karna yang kita ketahui Indonesia terpuruk akibat KKN yang terjadi di segala institusi. Oleh karena itu, dengan usaha yang dilakukan sekarang diharapkan Indonesia dapat membangkitkan perekonomiannya.